3.5 Chapter Review

3.5.1 Chapter summary

Vertex form reveals the turning point of a quadratic, and completing the square converts standard form to vertex form. A polynomial’s leading term controls end behaviour, while zeros and multiplicities control axis crossings. Rational functions require careful distinction among holes, vertical asymptotes, and horizontal asymptotes. A reliable graph combines algebraic features, signs, and physical restrictions.

3.5.2 Common mistakes

  • Reading the vertex sign incorrectly from \((x-h)^2\).
  • Completing the square without accounting for a leading coefficient.
  • Assuming every zero produces an axis crossing.
  • Treating a cancelled denominator factor as a vertical asymptote.
  • Forgetting original domain restrictions.
  • Assuming a horizontal asymptote can never be crossed.

3.5.3 Exercises

  1. Rewrite \(2x^2+8x-3\) in vertex form.
    Check Your Work \(2(x+2)^2-11\).
  2. Describe the end behaviour of \(-5x^6+2x^3\).
    Check Your Work Both ends approach \(-\infty\).
  3. Describe the zeros of \((x+3)^2(x-1)^3\).
    Check Your Work It touches at \(-3\) and crosses at 1.
  4. Find the hole and asymptote of \((x^2-9)/(x^2-x-6)\).
    Check Your Work Hole at \(x=3\) and vertical asymptote at \(x=-2\).
  5. Find the horizontal asymptote of \((4x^2+1)/(5x^2-2x)\).
    Check Your Work \(y=4/5\).
  6. A basin-area model is \(A(w)=-2w^2+32w\). Find the maximum.
    Check Your Work \(A=-2(w-8)^2+128\), so the maximum is 128 m².

3.5.4 Questions for discussion

  1. Which algebraic form of a quadratic is most useful for each graph feature?
  2. How can a physically restricted domain change the interpretation of an asymptote?
  3. Why should a rational-function sketch be checked against sign intervals?